Our Pearls
Pearl Guide: Types, Quality, and How to Choose Them
An authoritative guide to pearls by LELUNE GIOIELLI and COSCIA Srl, an Italian specialist in cultured pearls since 1919. Discover how pearls are formed, what types exist, how to evaluate their quality, and how to choose an authentic and durable piece of jewelry.
What are pearls?
A pearl is an organic gem formed inside a mollusk. Unlike stones mined from the earth, it is born through a biological process: the mollusk deposits layers of nacre around a nucleus or a small piece of tissue. The result is a gem with a deep, inimitable luster.
In modern trade, almost all authentic pearls used in jewelry are cultured pearls. These are real pearls: the formation occurs within the mollusk, while human intervention initiates and monitors the process. Natural uncultured pearls, born without human intervention, are extremely rare and belong primarily to the antique and collector's market.
Real pearls, cultured pearls, and imitations
- Natural pearls: Formed without human intervention and are very rare.
- Cultured pearls: Authentic gems produced by mollusks in specialized farms. They represent the standard in contemporary high jewelry.
- Imitation pearls: Spheres of glass, plastic, or other materials coated to simulate the appearance of nacre; they are not authentic pearls.
LELUNE selects authentic cultured pearls and declares the type, size, color, and materials of the jewelry on product pages.
The main types of cultured pearls
Freshwater pearls
Cultivated primarily in freshwater mollusks, they offer a great variety of shapes, sizes, and shades. They can be spherical, oval, rice-shaped, or baroque and come in white, cream, pink, and lavender colors. They are appreciated for their versatility and high nacre content.
Akoya pearls
Known for their generally round shape and intense luster, they are traditionally cultivated in Japan and other areas of Asia. They are often chosen for classic-style necklaces and earrings.
Tahitian pearls
They come from the black-lipped oyster and feature naturally dark shades: gray, green, silver, peacock, and anthracite. The name refers to a family of pearls cultivated in French Polynesia, not a single color.
South Sea pearls
Among the largest cultured pearls, they come from the white-lipped or gold-lipped oyster. They are known for their white, silver, and golden hues and for a soft, deep luster.
How is the quality of a pearl evaluated?
There is no single sufficient parameter. Professional evaluation considers the following together:
- Luster: The intensity and sharpness of reflected light. Good luster creates vivid, deep reflections.
- Surface: The quantity and visibility of natural characteristics. Small marks are consistent with the organic origin of the gem.
- Shape: Round, near-round, oval, drop, button, rice-shaped, or baroque. Shape alone does not determine quality.
- Size: Expressed in millimeters. All other factors being equal, larger sizes are generally rarer.
- Color and orient: Base color, surface overtones, and iridescent play of light.
- Nacre thickness: Contributes to the depth of luster and durability.
- Harmony: The overall uniformity of pearls matched in the same piece of jewelry.
How to recognize an authentic pearl
Certain identification requires gemological expertise and, in more complex cases, laboratory analysis. Weight, temperature to the touch, irregularities, and a slightly gritty feel can provide clues, but home tests are not conclusive and can damage the surface. It is preferable to verify the technical description, the reliability of the seller, and the certificate that accompanies the jewelry.
How to choose pearl jewelry
- For daily use: Pendants, small earrings, and bracelets with freshwater pearls are versatile and luminous.
- For a ceremony: Harmonized necklaces, gold and pearl earrings, and models with diamonds enhance formal attire.
- For a contemporary style: Baroque pearls or those paired with chains and modern volumes make every piece unique.
- As a gift: Consider personal style, the color of metals worn, preferred length, and the occasion.
Explore our selections of necklaces, earrings, bracelets, and rings.
How to take care of pearls
Pearls are sensitive to acids, perfumes, cosmetics, heat, and abrasions. Wear them after applying perfume and cosmetic products; after use, clean them gently with a soft, slightly dampened cloth. Store them separately from harder jewelry and do not use harsh detergents or ultrasonic cleaners. For strung necklaces and bracelets, periodically check the condition of the thread.
Learn more on the Jewelry Care page.
Why choose LELUNE
LELUNE is produced and distributed by COSCIA Srl, an Italian company specializing in the world of cultured pearls since 1919. Gem selection, design, and goldsmithing combine experience, quality control, and Italian craftsmanship. Every creation enhances the natural characteristics of the pearl rather than hiding them.
Discover the history of LELUNE and COSCIA, the certifications, and our store locations.
Frequently asked questions about pearls
Are cultured pearls real?
Yes. They are produced by mollusks and consist of authentic pearlescent material. “Cultured” describes the production process, it does not mean artificial.
What is the difference between natural and cultured pearls?
Natural pearls form without human intervention; in cultured ones, humans start the process within the mollusk. Both are authentic pearls, but natural ones are much rarer.
Do imperfections indicate poor quality?
Not necessarily. Surface characteristics testify to their organic origin. Quality depends on the combination of luster, surface, shape, nacre, size, and harmony.
Which pearls are suitable for young people?
Essential pendants, small earrings, elastic bracelets, and baroque pearls easily combine with a contemporary style. The choice depends more on design than age.
Can pearls be worn every day?
Yes, with care. Avoid impacts, cosmetics, and detergents, and clean them after use. Regular care helps preserve their luster and integrity.
Informational content updated by LELUNE GIOIELLI – COSCIA Srl. For information on a specific creation, always consult the relevant product page.
Are you choosing pearl jewelry? Read the answers to frequently asked questions about brands, gifts, earrings, bracelets, and trends on the page LELUNE Pearl Jewelry: the Italian pearl brand since 1919.